我国果蔬冷链物流建设现状及发展建议

我国是果蔬生产大国,果蔬具有易腐性,加之流通环节多、冷链设施不完备等诸多原因,导致果蔬的流通腐损率非常高。采用冷链物流可以有效地降低果蔬的流通腐损率、减少物流环节的消耗。目前,发达国家已经建立了完善的冷链物流体系,流通腐损率很低,但我国果蔬冷链物流体系建设比较滞后,冷链流通率远低于发达国家水平,发展果蔬冷链物流面临着严峻的考验。本文研究了果蔬冷链物流的发展现状,对各地区果蔬冷链物流现状进行了汇总,提出了果蔬冷链物流的发展对策和建议。     

Cold tolerance of Acacia karroo and A. nilotica, two tree species from South Africa, in Beijing

Fynbos plant communities developed under geographic and climatic conditions unique to South Africa. Acacia karroo is the most widespread tree species, well known for its drought tolerance. A. nilotica exudes a good quality gum which is edible and suitable for confectionery. The two species have been introduced to China but little is known about their adaptability under the new environmental conditions. For our present study, the growth potential and physiological and biochemical parameters of the two species in response to cold stress were investigated. The results, measured as seed qualities (purity, thousand seed weights, germination, etc.) show differences between A. karroo and A. nilotica. The seed germination rate was between 10% and 60%. Seedlings were established in fields, pots and plugs. Those in the field grew well during the growing season but completely died in the winter. Those in pots or plugs were moved to and managed in the greenhouse. The plants were green in winter. The electrical conductivity of cells, the contents of water soluble sugars, proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA) increased during eight hours of low temperature treatment at 4℃. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) decreased markedly during the eight hours of 4℃treatment. We conclude that A. karroo and A. nilotica have little adaptability to the cold winter weather and cannot survive in the outdoors in the Beijing area, but could grow well indoors as ornamentals.     

PV聚氨酯密封胶在高寒地区水泥混凝土路面的应用

详细地介绍了PV聚氨酯密封胶在高寒地区水泥混凝土路面接缝养护上的应用情况，阐述了PV聚氨酯密封胶的施工工艺和施工方法，对接缝料的配比试验和施工工艺提出了相应的技术要求。同时，分析了使用该材料的经济效益，肯定了在高寒地区的可用性和可推广性。     

健康黑松幼苗中的电波传递

以健康黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗为材料,用非伤害性刺激,如冷冻和伤害性刺激,如：烧伤、刺伤、化学伤害等引发了植物体内的波形的变化,研究表明,非伤害性刺激能在幼苗体内引起动作电波的传递,伤害性刺激除了能引起动作电波的传递外,还能引起较为复杂的变异电波的传递并对这种现象进行了讨论。图4参28。     

Decay Detection of Ancient Wood Rafters in Tibet by Stress Wave Testing Method

Visual classification and stress wave non-destructive testing technology were adopted to evaluate the decay status of ancient Populus wood members （rafters） replaced from the Potala Palace. The decay status of wood members was evaluated by stress wave testing and visual observation. For most of the ancient wood members, the evaluation results by two methods were consistent with each other. Also stress wave testing techniques can find the internal wood member decay to eliminate the hidden hazard for ancient wood members, and offer relatively accurate quantitative information for the safety status of ancient wood members. Thus during the maintaining for ancient architectures, visual observation combined with stress wave testing techniques is a good way to evaluate the degradation of ancient wood members.     

基因库中21个美洲黑杨无性系的抗寒性

基因库中２１个美洲黑杨无性系的抗寒性徐红，张崎纹，陈一山，解荷峰关键词美洲黑杨无性系，抗寒性，电导率，膜脂脂肪酸不饱和度美洲黑杨（ＰｏｐｕｌｕｓｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓＭａｒｓｈ）无性系具有生长迅速，抗病虫性较强等优良性状。历史上引种成功的几个美洲黑杨无性...     

我国耐寒桉树的种质资源及其遗传改良

本文概述了中澳合作“耐寒桉树”研究项目在良种筛选与遗传改良方面的主要工作。通过对我国耐寒桉树目标推广区气候特点的认识,及对20年来这些区域桉树引种试验的重新评估,项目筛选出一批耐寒能力在-5℃至-10℃的优良桉树,并它们把分为2类,一类为适生于高海拔地区树种,主要有:蓝桉、直干桉、史密斯桉和亮果桉;一类为适生于低海拔地区树种,包括:邓恩桉、赤桉、巨桉、柳桉。在耐寒桉树的遗传改良方面,该项目通过改建、新建等方式,在全国各地建立以上树种的种子园19个,并制定了各树种的详细改良计划。为获得更多优良耐寒树种,我国近年已建立了一大批耐寒桉树筛选试验,可望在耐寒能力的提高上取得突破。     

阻燃剂浸渍处理木材方法研究

本研究以ZR-M-301型木材阻燃剂为浸渍药液,樟子松和水曲柳为木材试样,选择常压浸渍、压力浸渍、微波处理后常压浸渍、超声波加压浸渍和微波处理后超声波加压浸渍五种木材阻燃处理方法,经过试验,探索在生产阻燃木材的浸渍方法中引入微波和超声波技术的可行性,找到效果好的木材阻燃处理方法.本研究的创新点是将微波处理与超声波辐射技术应用于木材阻燃处理中,利用微波加热处理改善木材构造的渗透性能,利用超声波的空化作用强化阻燃剂浸入性能,并提出了新的技术路线.     

超声波法提取木材中的阿拉伯半乳聚糖的研究

应用超声波技术浸提兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii Rupr．)木材加工剩余物中的阿拉伯半乳聚糖。研究了影响阿拉伯半乳聚糖得率的提取条件,包括超声波功率、料液比、原料粒度和浸提时间。将超声波提取与传统提取和微波提取进行比较,并利用红外光谱和紫外吸收光谱分析浸提物。超声波法提取的粗产品在280nm处的紫外吸光度最小;产品质量最接近标准品。在单因素试验中超声波提取的粗阿拉伯半乳聚糖最高提取率为16．61％,比传统浸提法高。     

印楝种源间抗寒能力比较研究

通过组织褐变法、膜脂脂肪酸含量分析和电导法配合Logistic方程求拐点温度的方法,对引种的4个种源抗寒力进行研究评价。结果表明:(1)印楝是一种不耐寒的植物,0℃以下的短暂低温可对其嫩叶造成伤害,低于-1℃保持1h即可造成部分幼苗死亡;(2)印楝种源间抗寒能力差异不显著;(3)叶膜脂脂肪酸组成含量与抗寒力大小无明显相关关系;(4)印楝4种源半致死温度分别为-1 651、-1 675、-1 750、-1 682℃。根据上述试验研究和冷冻处理实验结果,4个印楝种源抗寒力大小排序为IND95003>IND95004>IND95001>IND95002,在我国有低温寒害的地区引种印楝应该慎重,在轻霜地区可选择抗寒力稍强的IND95003种源先行试验性引种。